Asma, hipertensão, diabetes e ansiedade/depressão associados a perda de olfato na COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61411/rsc2026128719Palavras-chave:
COVID-19, Distúrbios do Olfato, Distúrbios do Paladar, Profissionais de Saúde, Déficit OlfatórioResumo
Com objetivo de avaliar os fatores associados aos distúrbios de olfato/paladar pela COVID-19 entre profissionais de saúde não vacinados, realizamos um estudo transversal no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Profissionais de saúde que exerciam atividades presenciais responderam a questionários sobre histórico médico e sintomas de COVID-19 em 2020. O diagnóstico de COVID-19 foi baseado em sorologia IgG positiva para SARS-CoV-2. Os participantes com infecção confirmada foram divididos em grupos com ou sem distúrbios de olfato/paladar autorreferidos. As associações foram avaliadas por meio de análises de regressão logística univariada e multivariada. Entre 1.565 profissionais de saúde incluídos, 782 (50,0%) tiveram resultado positivo para SARS-CoV-2 durante o inquérito sorológico ou relataram diagnóstico prévio. Dos 698 que responderam ao questionário de sintomas, 169 (24,2%) relataram distúrbios de olfato/paladar. Em comparação com os participantes sem distúrbios de olfato/paladar, aqueles com esses sintomas apresentaram maior prevalência de obesidade, asma, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus e ansiedade/depressão (todos com P < 0,05). Na análise multivariada, os fatores independentemente associados à disfunção olfatória/gustatória foram: asma (RP = 1,73; IC 95% 1,18–2,53), ansiedade/depressão (RP = 1,55; IC 95% 1,13–2,13), hipertensão arterial (RP = 1,43; IC 95% 1,01–2,03) e diabetes mellitus não complicado (RP = 1,58; IC 95% 1,02–2,48), todos com p < 0,005, ajustados por raça, idade e sexo. Asma, hipertensão arterial, diabetes e ansiedade/depressão estiveram independentemente associados aos distúrbios de olfato/paladar sugerindo que condições inflamatórias crônicas e transtornos de saúde mental podem aumentar a vulnerabilidade a estes comprometimentos sensoriais durante a infecção por SARS-CoV-2.
Referências
Stuck, Benjamin A.; Menzel, Stefanie; Laudien, Malte; Hintschich, Christian A.; Hummel, Thomas. COVID-19–induced olfactory loss. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, ISSN 0091-6749, v. 151, n. 4, p. 895-897, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.007
Krishnakumar, Harish N.; Momtaz, Danyal A.; Sherwani, Ahmad; Mhapankar, Aditya; Gonuguntla, Raj Kiran; Maleki, Ava et al. Pathogenesis and progression of anosmia and dysgeusia during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, ISSN 0937-4477, v. 280, n. 2, p. 505-509, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-022-07689-w
Mastrangelo, Antonio; Bonato, Matteo; Cinque, Paola. Smell and taste disorders in COVID-19: from pathogenesis to clinical features and outcomes. Neuroscience Letters, ISSN 0304-3940, v. 748, p. 135694, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135694
Netland, Jason; Meyerholz, David K.; Moore, Shelley; Cassell, Martin; Perlman, Stanley. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection Causes Neuronal Death in the Absence of Encephalitis in Mice Transgenic for Human ACE2. Journal of Virology, ISSN 0022-538X, v. 82, n. 15, p. 7264-7275, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00737-08
Guo, Li; Ren, Lei; Yang, Shuaibing; Xiao, Min; Chang, Deying; Yang, Fan; et al. Profiling Early Humoral Response to Diagnose Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Clinical Infectious Diseases, ISSN 1058-4838, v. 71, n. 5, p. 778-785, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa310
Hannum, Matthew E.; Ramirez, Valentina A.; Lipson, Shoshana J.; Herriman, Rachel D.; Toskala, Elina K.; Lin, Carol et al. Objective Sensory Testing Methods Reveal a Higher Prevalence of Olfactory Loss in COVID-19-Positive Patients Compared to Subjective Methods: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chemical Senses, ISSN 0379-864X, v. 45, n. 9, p. 865-874, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa064
von Bartheld, Christopher S.; Hagen, Matthew M.; Butowt, Rafal. Prevalence of Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Reveals Significant Ethnic Differences. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, ISSN 1948-7193, v. 11, n. 19, p. 2944-2961, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00460
Samitas, Konstantinos; Carter, Aimee; Kariyawasam, Harsha H.; Xanthou, Georgina. Upper and lower airway remodelling mechanisms in asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: The one airway concept revisited. Allergy, ISSN 0105-4538, v. 73, n. 5, p. 993-1002, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/all.13373
Zoabi, Yazeed; Levi-Schaffer, Francesca; Eliashar, Ron. Allergic Rhinitis: Pathophysiology and Treatment Focusing on Mast Cells. Biomedicines, ISSN 2227-9059, v. 10, n. 10, p. 2486, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102486
Milaneschi, Yuri; Kappelmann, Nils; Ye, Zheng; Lamers, Femke; Moser, Simon; Jones, Peter B. et al. Association of inflammation with depression and anxiety: evidence for symptom-specificity and potential causality from UK Biobank and NESDA cohorts. Molecular Psychiatry, ISSN 1359-4184, v. 26, n. 12, p. 7393-7402, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01188-w
Udina, Marc; Castellví, Pere; Moreno-España, Juan; Navinés, Roser; Valdés, Manuel; Forns, Xavier et al. Interferon-induced depression in chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, ISSN 0160-6689, v. 73, n. 8, p. 1128-1138, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12r07694
Peirce, Jessica M.; Alviña, Karina. The role of inflammation and the gut microbiome in depression and anxiety. Journal of Neuroscience Research, ISSN 0360-4012, v. 97, n. 10, p. 1223-1241, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24476
Vanderheiden, Abigail; Klein, Robyn S. Neuroinflammation and COVID-19. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, ISSN 0959-4388, v. 76, p. 102608, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2022.102608
Rottstädt, Franziska; Han, Pengfei; Weidner, Kerstin; Schellong, Johanna; Wolff-Stephan, Svenja; Strauß, Thomas et al. Reduced olfactory bulb volume in depression—A structural moderator analysis. Human Brain Mapping, ISSN 1065-9471, v. 39, n. 6, p. 2573-2582, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.24024
Chen, Monica; Shen, Wayne; Rowan, Nithin R.; Kulaga, Heather; Hillel, Alexander; Ramanathan, Murugappan Jr. et al. Elevated ACE-2 expression in the olfactory neuroepithelium: implications for anosmia and upper respiratory SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication. European Respiratory Journal, ISSN 0903-1936, v. 56, n. 3, p. 2001948, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01948-2020
Gallo, Giovanna; Calvez, Valentina; Savoia, Claudio. Hypertension and COVID-19: Current Evidence and Perspectives. High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention, ISSN 1120-9879, v. 29, n. 2, p. 115-123, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-022-00506-9
Tonacci, Alessandro; Bruno, Rosa M.; Ghiadoni, Lorenzo; Pratali, Laura; Berardi, Nicoletta; Tognoni, Giovanni et al. Olfactory evaluation in Mild Cognitive Impairment: correlation with neurocognitive performance and endothelial function. European Journal of Neuroscience, ISSN 0953-816X, v. 45, n. 10, p. 1279-1288, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13565
Gutierrez Amezcua, Jose M.; Jain, Ravi; Kleinman, Gary et al. COVID-19-Induced Neurovascular Injury: a Case Series with Emphasis on Pathophysiological Mechanisms. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, ISSN 2523-8977, v. 2, n. 11, p. 2109-2125, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42399-020-00598-1
Zhao, Yu; Liu, Yi; Yi, Fei; Zhang, Jie; Xu, Zhi; Liu, Yi; Tao, Yanling. Type 2 diabetes mellitus impaired nasal immunity and increased the risk of hyposmia in COVID-19 mild pneumonia patients. International Immunopharmacology, ISSN 1567-5764, v. 93, p. 107406, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107406
Chan, Julie Y. Y.; García-Esquinas, Esther; Ko, Oliver H.; Tong, Michael C. F.; Lin, Sandra Y. The Association Between Diabetes and Olfactory Function in Adults. Chemical Senses, ISSN 0379-864X, v. 43, n. 1, p. 59-64, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjx070
Kaya, Kerem S.; Mazı, Emine E.; Demir, Selim T.; Tetik, Filiz; Tuna, Muhammed; Turgut, Suha. Relationship between progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and olfactory function. American Journal of Otolaryngology, ISSN 0196-0709, v. 41, n. 2, p. 102365, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjoto.2019.102365
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Categorias
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Revista Sociedade Científica
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Para saber mais: Termos da Licença e Direitos Autorais - Revista Sociedade Científica
