Alternanthera brasiliana (Terramicina) na recuperação tecidual em Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61411/rsc2026120819Palavras-chave:
Angiogênese terapêutica, Bioativos vegetais, Bioprospecção vegetal, CicatrizaçãoResumo
Alternanthera brasiliana, ou terramicina como é popularmente conhecida, é muito utilizada na medicina tradicional para combater infecções e promover a cicatrização de feridas. Este presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as evidências da eficácia na utilização de A. brasiliana na recuperação tecidual em pacientes com diabetes mellitus. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura em bases científicas internacionais, selecionando artigos recentes que tratam da temática. A análise foi organizada em seis eixos: (1) epidemiologia, impacto clínico e limitações das terapias convencionais; (2) fitoquímica de Alternanthera brasiliana; (3) mecanismos de ação relevantes para cicatrização; (4) evidências pré-clínicas; (5) segurança, toxicologia e padronização e (6) biomateriais como plataforma de entrega. Os estudos revisados indicam que os extratos hidroalcoólicos ou metanólicos da planta modulam citocinas inflamatórias, diminuem as espécies reativas de oxigênio, promovem a deposição de colágeno, favorecem a formação de tecido de granulação e elevam a atividade de enzimas antioxidantes como superóxido dismutase, catalase e glutationa reduzida. Em modelos animais diabéticos, o tratamento tópico resultou em uma contração da ferida mais rápida, uma epitelização acelerada e um aumento da angiogênese, sem sinais de toxicidade significativa mesmo em altas doses. Além disso, essa planta interage com importantes vias moleculares, como TGF-β/Smad e MMPs, ajudando a manter o equilíbrio entre a degradação e a formação da matriz extracelular. Não há estudos clínicos de A. brasiliana em feridas diabéticas, mas os achados pré-clínicos sustentam seu potencial terapêutico. A integração de extratos da planta a novos biomateriais — hidrogéis, nanopartículas, entre outros — aparece como uma alternativa interessante para aumentar a estabilidade, a liberação controlada e a eficácia dos compostos bioativos. Contudo, a falta de padronização farmacotécnica, somada a limitações metodológicas e variabilidade fitoquímica, ainda impõe barreiras à translação clínica. Assim, Alternanthera brasiliana se revela uma opção promissora para ser integrada a novas abordagens no tratamento de feridas diabéticas. No entanto, para que seu uso seja consolidado na prática clínica, é necessário realizar estudos clínicos rigorosos e estabelecer protocolos padronizados que garantam a segurança e a eficácia do tratamento.
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